Sunday, 23 September 2012

The tools through which waste will be revolutionised

I am a touch fanatical when it comes to charting a path for how waste might achieve the promised land of, well, no waste. I am especially excitable when it comes to coming up with different ways of approaching the question.

Why?

Because the way we are currently approaching the problem is barely keeping pace with the extraordinary development in waste production. The current systems are almost good enough for yesterday's problems, sorely lacking for today's, and irrelevant for tomorrow's. To me it is self-evident. We need to try something different.

In turning my ideas over and over, I keep coming back to four general strands of thought, four tools if you will, that will change the status quo. In no particular order, they are:

  • Information surface area
  • Diffused control
  • Storytelling and culture
  • Business models


Information surface area


Data is important, but not in the way it is currently conceived.

A lot is made of the regulator's need for data. A perpetually hungry beast, the regulator wants more and more data to be provided by waste managers. The problem is, the data then disappears into some silo or is aggregated to strip out any value there might have been.

This is pointless, only done to enhance the regulators feeling of control, and not what I am thinking of.

I am thinking of tools to capture and disseminate data on waste generation automatically, distributing that data broadly. The data is collected from the waste generator (not the collector). It is done so with a minimum of effort, and is broadly available. This data is then used by waste reprocessors to quickly respond in a customised service offering.

The point is to maximise what I'm going to call the "information surface area". The information surface area is the number of points that a given piece of information can touch, with each touch point enabling a decision to be made. A high information surface area is information that is broadly disseminated to people able to use it. Like a heat sink, it is highly effective simply because it has this high surface area. A low information surface area is reporting into a confidential data gathering body.

Information surface area. Source Azom.

This matters because the greater the information surface area, the greater the possibility that it will make the connection that is needed. In the context of waste, the right reprocessor will identify how a particular waste (including the time and quantity of generation) can become the feedstock for another industry. Opportunities will become clear to those who can do something with them. An efficient peer-to-peer system can be developed.

We see something similar in production right now, where inventory management systems are tightly integrated across suppliers to enable "just in time" production. To state the obvious, the suppliers do not expect their data to pass through the maw of a regulator. They provide it direct to one another.

Diffuse control


Having created a system that has a high information surface area, a diffuse (or distributed) system of control enables reprocessors to capitalise upon the information available. Being able to quickly swing into a new service offering once it becomes available will be the difference between winning and losing in this world.

Opportunities will bob up and be rapidly grabbed by the fast mover. The organisation that relies upon cascading approvals cannot work in this space. Arduous approvals processes suit systems where there is little change. In waste, they suit systems where the dumb, simple course is taken. Where waste is taken at its least useful and treated, rather than being taken at its most useful and reprocessed.

To have effective diffused control, you need organisations that empower and entrust their staff. You need organisations driven by values rather than KPIs, people who believe in the mission rather than chasing the next promotion.

I see a constellation of small, highly focused and nimble reprocessors all providing services in this space. Perhaps a better metaphor is a swarm. They may all be part of one overarching organisation provided the culture is right and they are free to respond. Because that is the key trait. The reprocessors are opportunistic.

Distributed waste handling systems. Source Wikipedia

This system works to assist in a broader economic change. It enables production to be shifted away from centralised systems working on massively global supply lines, and move to distributed systems where small, highly connected factories can be found throughout. With the artful work of innovative reprocessors, they have the materials  ("waste") they need, and can benefit from short, resilient, multi-path supply lines.

And so the revolution in waste will help to revolutionise production in general

Storytelling and culture


The stories we tell ourselves strongly determine the future we create for ourselves. We shape our future by telling ourselves about what it will look like

For this reason, the stories we tell ourselves of waste, the culture we create around it, is important. Not in the sense of Soviet social realism, where we command people to tell the stories that enliven our ideology. This change doesn't need that sort of total social control. Instead, it is the stories that the industry tells itself.

Rather than telling itself that economies of scale are necessary, and then forcing everything into this narrative, the industry could tell itself stories around how vital the raw materials are. Rather than telling itself that the object is to efficiently dispose of materials, it could tell itself that the purpose of the industry is reinvigorate materials and thus whole societies.

The story telling is most important within an organisation. It is an organisation's culture, and I think that the future of waste will be shaped by extraordinary organisations that have powerful cultures. These organisations will be driven by their mission, and will bend all efforts to the achievement of this mission.

Storytelling. Source: Wikipedia

To me I think that mission will become as large as total domination of the flow of materials through the economy. These organisations will shunt out the raw materials exploiters, the end of life treaters, and guide materials along each step of their way around and around the economy. "Zero waste" won't make sense in this context, just as unwanted cash makes no sense when you have bankers able to lend it out at a profit.

Still, that is just me. The point is less what the mission might be (though it will revolve around waste reprocessing), and more that it will be a strong narrative that brings a special focus to the organisation. This sort of organisation will prevail over those eking out market share in a commoditised waste disposal business.

Business models


The final of my four tools is the business model.

For the last few decades, the business model in waste management has been to build business by cutting costs. By and large, that has meant scale, which in turns reduces reprocessing. It is a linear, win-lose model.

A new way of approaching waste management will see these business models jettisoned in favour of more subtle ways of making money. Perhaps there will be greater vertical integration, with reprocessors taking their materials a long way down the value chain before they sell them on. Perhaps there will be approaches where a loss leading piece of equipment is provided for a long tail of revenue (ie the Nespresso model of cheap coffee machines that can only take Nespresso pods). Perhaps there might be a freemium approach to waste management (free for a basic service, and a premium for a desirable extra service).

In any event, the introduction of sophistication and subtlety into this world will see an explosion of business models. That is a good thing. It will also see the traditional business model suffer and ultimately suffer a collapse of its own doing.


These, then, are my four tools. You'll note that none of them rely upon central fiat, and all of them are related to each other. Once this path is started down, it will grow incredible change.

Sunday, 16 September 2012

Steam and waste

At the turn of the 20th century, there was nothing bigger than steam locomotives. They ruled the world, and you couldn't imagine the world of transportation without them. By 1950, the steam locomotive had been refined to an immense variety, with extraordinary engineering.

The locomotive below, the Mallard, holds the record as the fastest steam locomotive. It was built in 1938 and saw service through until 1963. It reached 202.58 km/hr.

"Mallard" at the National Railway Museum at York. Source: Wikipedia
Perhaps the best known steam locomotive, George Stephenson's The Rocket was built less than 110 years earlier in 1829. It had a top speed of 45 km/hr

Contemporary drawing of Rocket, Source: Wikipedia
For the years between, there was immense innovation in design to achieve a whole range of objectives. Steam locomotives achieved all sorts of outcomes, made the horse and cart all but redundant and ushered in immense change.

When the Ford Motor Company launched the Model T in 1908, the world of steam could never imagine that its world had just changed forever. But it did. In the space of a few decades, the car and personalised transport had changed everything. The urban form, the cultural psyche, even our modes of production.

At the turn of the 21st century, there is nothing bigger in the world of waste than a grand waste facility. They are imposing and yet sleek, and attract some of the most incredibly beautiful architecture. They dominate a world where landfill and waste is a problem to be solved by bigger and more sophisticated waste processing plants.

Example of a waste incinerator with modern architecture built on the Isle of Man.
Isle of Man incinerator. Source: AEC online
They really started with the invention of the "refuse destructor" in 1875.

Just as there was significant diversity of design and application of the steam locomotive, so too there has been diversity in waste processing facilities. They have not yet, to my mind, had their Model T moment.

That moment is coming.

It will be a moment where waste ceases to be seen as a waste to be treated in isolation from an economy, but rather a resource to be incorporated into the economy.

I suspect that the change will radically dentralise waste, just as the car decentralised transport. I also suspect it will be driven by the capabilities that come from essentially free data, leading to a "peer to peer" waste handling system.

Just as the car removed the need to rely upon railways to get you to where you wanted to be, you just took yourself there, so too a peer to peer waste network will see waste transferred as a resource outside the infrastructure channels.

It will see data around waste becoming ubiquitous, creating a whole new market of intermediaries who "arbitrage" waste from a generator and deliver it to a manufacturer who needs that waste as a feedstock. Those intermediaries may, of course, refine and repackage the waste to suit, but they will not see themselves as waste operators.

When this change happens, the "economies of scale" which drive current waste handling will quickly become a liability. The new world will go to the nimble, the small scaled, the infinitely diverse. Sure, the world will rest on some pieces of infrastructure, but that infrastructure will no longer define the world.

I would take it further. The new world of waste will redefine how we see our manufacturing, our cities, ourselves. I don't quite know how this will happen, but I think it will run as deep as the cultural reverberation of the car (individuality and freedom getting an especial boost from the car).

To have the world shift from its current "single pass system", where materials are extracted, consumed and then dumped, and to a world in which materials are cycled through the economy over and over will be immense in its cultural impact.

For the time being, we continue to look at waste as a problem to be solved by large, sophisticated and incredibly complex waste processing plants. Just as transportation was seen as a problem to be solved by large, sophisticated and incredibly complex steam locomotives.

When this paradigm flips, it will flip rapidly. Fortunes will be made and lost, and waste will cease to be. We will have made another step forward in more efficient consumption of resources. This shift will, no doubt, bring with it a whole new set of problems. Problems that we cannot even conceive right now, but we need to make the shift all the same.

Tuesday, 11 September 2012

Garbologie pause and take stock

Since I started this Garbologie blog two months ago, I have written 59 posts. That has been pretty much a post every week day.

The results have been heartening, but not overpowering. There has been a lovely level of interest (and thank you for your comments and support), but I think I can do better. I think my writing can be more effective. So I'm going to pause, take stock, refine the offering.


There is still plenty to write about, still enough for daily posts, but I don't think I'm doing them justice. The biggest thing I've learned from my readings is to be prepared to change what is not working.

Take Seth Godin: think about what you obsess over. In my case, it's not so much obsessing over pageview numbers or followers (good god, not THAT would be a sorry tale), but rather obsessing about a daily post. That's not really the point of the blog. Instead, the point is to explore ideas and recombine them into something great. An obsession on daily posts is getting in the way.

Or, if you don't like Seth, take my favourite writer, thinker, explorer: AJ Leon. His manifesto The Life and Times of a Remarkable Misfit has a great piece: "You can't have it both ways". The take away is "Your work is either remarkable or it isn't". My daily posts are not remarkable. In fact they are probably getting in the way of remarkable. Time to get remarkable.

It's more explicit in Jonathan Fields. He writes of taking the time out to do his great work, shifting gears, refocussing. And he is spot on, if coming from loftier heights of renown. Scrambling to write is not going to get me to my great work of realising the vision of a waste free world that I can hear, taste and touch. Thinking and researching, working up ideas properly, that will. Or is more likely to.

And there has been so much more. The message is to not accept average. So I won't. The message is to be prepared to change what isn't working. So I will.


There will still be regular posts, but they will be weekly. Every Sunday evening.

Rather than writing a fast post every weekday evening, I'll spend some more time to research a fuller post, round out the ideas and present it all properly.

I will also be working offline to develop a unified vision. Call it a manifesto if you will (or, my preferred term, a manfiesto). It is how I believe the world can change for the better, but specifically from the perspective of waste.

I am still around, just not here until Sundays. You will see me on my facebook page and twitter, and I welcome you there to see what I'm thinking. I do, on occasion.

Monday, 10 September 2012

Solving tomorrow's waste problems

Here's the thing.

I was watching the twitter stream roar by me the other day, and my eyes lit upon a tweet from Umair Haque linking the reader to a blog post on the HBR (Harvard Business Review) site. With the title If you were the next Steve Jobs..., it was definite click bait. So I clicked.

The article was great, drawing from the particular to the general in a very elegant manner. I'll let you read it to  see for yourself, but key to the article was the idea that tomorrow's problems will not be solved by today's institutions. To solve tomorrow's problems will require the following to be addressed:

  • Singularity
  • Sociality
  • Spontaneity
  • Synchronicity
  • Solubility
Yep, ok, so they all begin with S. They probably don't make quite as much sense beginning with S's, but it kind of works. 

Anyway, the S's are put forward in a general context, but apply equally to tomorrow's waste problems. Here's how.

Singularity


The idea put by Umair is that business will get increasingly personalised, and the trick is to provide the "mass customisation" to service it. That is true in waste management on two levels.

First, each customer (ie waste generator, but also purchasers of recycler product) wants you to not just understand their business, but tailor your service to meet their needs. Dealing with stables? They might want regular collections, and may even want a solution to keep worming products out so that the stable manure can be composted. Different for food courts, and different again for manufacturing. It is time to go beyond the days of supplying the same bin service to all customers.

The second aspect to singularity is that each material type will be increasingly dealt with separately. Collection and treatment will be better tailored to gain the most value from the material. It is time to go beyond the days of bulking all waste together and then landfilling or burning it.

Sociality


Umair talks of people wanting a relationship, even if it is understood by all to be pretty tightly constrained.

Does this apply to waste? Absolutely! The concept of waste goes to the core of what people are and do. What people throw away can define them (in psychology that would be the "Other", or in manufacturing the quality of a product is defined by what is rejected). People know this, and given the chance, want to be part of a community around waste. Waste is, at heart, a social thing as expressed by Don Delillo in Underworld:
He looked at all that soaring garbage and knew for the first time what his job was all about. Not engineering or transportation or source reduction. He dealt in human behaviour, people's habits and impulses, their uncontrollable needs and innocent wishes, maybe their passions, certainly their excesses and indulgences but their kindness too, their generosity, and the question was how to keep this mass metabolism from overwhelming us.
People also want waste operators to be a responsible part of their community. They do not want stinking tips, rogue contractors or plants imposed on them. The waste is generated by the community and needs to be treated within the community. Scale down rather than up.

Spontaneity


Waste can be a very staid business. Plants are built for decades, and seek to constrain uncertainty by "consistent" supply. This makes the business dumb.

The new breed will see businesses pop up or rapidly shift to exploit opportunities as they arise. A new waste type emerges, and businesses will pounce on it to recover the materials. 

It will be a business that is decentralised to clever and committed people on the ground, a business that tries new ideas regularly in search of the best. It will promote a culture of collaboration.

Synchronicity


The new waste business will seem to be employing black magic. It will understand customers (generators and purchasers of product) so completely that their needs will be completely anticipated.

The new waste business will be able to collect, refine and connect waste materials. It might just act as a match-maker, or data publisher, or any number of things to connect wastes (by-products) with consumers.

The new world of waste will see pervasive data and well anticipated needs such that a major source of waste - mismatched generation against downstream needs - can be overcome.

Solubility


This is the cool bit, and perhaps the obvious bit. For all of the above to come together, institutions (businesses, governments, whatever) need to look at the currently unsolved problems and imagine a solution.

They need to look at the current squandering of materials and refuse to accept the status quo, to insist that a solution can be found and that they will find it.

It needs people who believe that, as Archimedes put it, with a fulcrum and a long enough lever, they can move the world.

Friday, 7 September 2012

Tribal Leadership and waste

I recently finished the book Tribal Leadership by Dave Logan, John King and Halee Fischer-Wright, a management book about natural groups ("tribes"), and how an organisation's culture can be lifted by focusing on the culture of these tribes.

The book is particularly interesting because the writers have determined, through research, that a tribe's culture can be revealed by the language that its members use. Five stages are described, and key themes of each stage are:

  • Stage 1: "Life sucks"
  • Stage 2: My life sucks"
  • Stage 3: "I'm great (and you're not)"
  • Stage 4: "We're great (and they're not)"
  • Stage 5: "Life is great"
As a person/organisation moves up the Stages, their personal effectiveness leaps ahead.

The main cultural shift described in the book is the shift from Stage 3 individualism to Stage 4 collaboration. Much of business is argued to be in Stage 3, where the focus is on winning as an individual (hence the focus on the Stage 3 to Stage 4 shift).

If you had to comment on the waste management industry as a whole, you would probably conclude that it generally operates in Stage 2 (life sucks - I have to work in this low level role at the tip, or driving this truck or whatever). 

Over the dominance of Stage 2 there is a small minority operating at Stage 3; they consider themselves to have been lifted from the "squalor". This might be Superintendents or others, and they characterise themselves as competing (and winning) at the expense of the rest.

For the industry to truly contribute to a challenge beyond self-advancement, and specifically to see itself as contributing to a broad environmental/social challenge of stopping waste, it must operate at Stage 4 at a minimum.

The problem is, argue the authors, Stage 4 cannot be commanded. It must be nurtured through explicit development of Stage 4 tribal culture. I won't go into how, but it comes down to attracting a critical mass of like-minded people, and an almost personal epiphany for each member of the tribe.

The point is that you cannot impose a Stage 4 culture on an organisation that is not working within this culture. Trying to comes across as cynical or hopelessly naive, or even both. It becomes on of those pathetic examples of dippy sloganeering that is so often mocked. And yet those slogans show the way once you have made the leap to Stage 4.

To me, this is where the waste industry faces its some of its biggest challenges. People who think about waste come up with succinct formulations of the problem and then put that out there. It falls on deaf ears. The thoughtful solutions can only be implemented by the people working in the field, and they are literally unable to hear the formulation. It is spoken in an alien tongue. The messages of "cradle to cradle" and "zeronauts" get dismissed because they make no sense. They are fantasy, not relevant in the real world.

It would seem that a way to actually advance the industry is to encourage that epiphany, to bring people to Stage 4, rather than focus on yet new formulations. It won't happen as simply as this, in part because people who have experienced the epiphany saw it through some formulation that struck them at the right time and in the right way. They believe they are helping by refining their pithy slogans.

So I am left wondering. Imagine how much good could be achieved if an organisation was created that quite explicitly targeted a Stage 4 culture. It recruited people who worked in this space, and did everything in its power to maintain that space. I think such an organisation would be incredibly powerful. 

A waste organisation that saw culture and the greater good as central to its mission, the prism through which it made all other decisions. No doubt some have done this, but I'm not aware of them. It is much more common to see organisations where there are a few converts who place a veneer of culture across the organisation. It never really rings true, and so never really achieves what it could. 

A waste organisation suffused right through with an incredible culture, now that is something I would like to be a part of.